To specify the right products, architects and engineers rely on quantitative measures:
Visible Light Transmittance (VT):
The fraction of the visible solar spectrum that passes through the glazing. Higher VT values ensure brighter interiors but may invite glare without proper shading.
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Daylight-to-Space Ratio (Window-to-Floor Area):
Many codes require window glass to cover at least 10 % of a room’s floor area to secure adequate daylight levels; a higher ratio delivers deeper daylight penetration and reduces reliance on artificial lighting
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Operable Opening Area:
For natural ventilation, the International Building Code (IBC) mandates that the total openable area be not less than 4 % of the floor area served—ensuring sufficient airflow for comfort and air-quality control